Australian Clinical Labs

Site

Gribbles Veterinary Pathology

Accreditation No.

3427

Site No.

12039

Date of Accreditation

19 Dec 2000

Address

1868 Dandenong Road
Clayton, VIC 3168
Australia

clinicallabs.com.au

Contact

Ms Fiona Allen P: +61 (03) 85405606

Availability

Services available to external clients

Supervision

Veterinarian Supervised Laboratory

Scope of Accreditation

Anatomical Pathology

ISO/IEC 17025 (2017)

Animal Health

Service Product Determinant Technique Procedure
Cytopathology investigations Fluids - Ascites, washes, urine effusions FNA varying sites Cell count; Cell identification Cytospin; Microscopic examination; Staining

in-house methods VET-CT-009 and VET-MIC-009

Examination of biopsy materialFor companion animals, production animals, production avian species, laboratory animals, aquatic animals, zoo animals, wildlife, equine species and avian species Tissues Histological examination Histopathology; Immunohistochemistry; Microscopic examination; Special stains

in-house method VET-HCU-009 (special stains include Actin (SMA), AE1/AE3, CD3, CD18, CD117, CD79a, Desmin, Ki67, Melan A(canine), MSA, NSE, S100 (canine), Synaptophysin, Thrombomodulin, TTF-1, Vimentin).

Examination of biopsy materialFor production animlas Tissues Prion disease lesions Histopathology

in-house method VET-HCU-011; Australian and New Zealand Standard Diagnostic Procedure (ANZSDP), Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies, August 2010.

Biochemistry

ISO/IEC 17025 (2017)

Animal Health

Service Product Determinant Technique Procedure
Analysis for trace elementsFor companion animals, production animals, production avian species, laboratory animals, zoo animals, wildlife, equine species and avian species Whole blood Lead Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) - Graphite furnace

in-house method TOX-AAS-003 (GBC Avanta)

Analysis of calculus Urine Calculi Chemical analysis

in-house methods TOX-SCM-004 and VET-BLM-004, 

manufacturer's instructions (LTA kidney stone analysis kit) 

Chemical pathology - Investigation and determination of hepatic, cardiac, bone, skeletal muscle and other profiles and metabolic studiesFor companion animals, production animals, production avian species, laboratory animals, zoo animals, wildlife, aquatic animals, equine species and avian species Plasma; Serum Alanine aminotransferase; Albumin; Alkaline phosphatase; Amylase; Aspartate aminotransferase; Bicarbonate; Bile acids; Bilirubin - Total; Calcium; Chloride; Cholesterol; Creatinine; Creatinine kinase; Fructosamine; Glucose; Glutamine dehydrogenase; High density lipids; Lipase; Magnesium; Phosphorus; Potassium; Protein - Total; Sodium; Triglycerides; Urea; Uric acid; β-Hydroxybutyrate; γ-Glutamyltransferase Autoanalyser (AA)

in-house method VET-ADV-008 (Siemens Advia 1800)

Chemical pathology - Investigation and determination of hepatic, cardiac, bone, skeletal muscle and other profiles and metabolic studiesFor companion animals, production animals, production avian species, laboratory animals, zoo animals, wildlife, aquatic animals, equine species and avian species Urine Cortisol; Creatinine; Protein Autoanalyser (AA)

in-house method VET-ADV-008 (Siemens Advia 1800)

Chemical pathology - Investigation and determination of hepatic, cardiac, bone, skeletal muscle and other profiles and metabolic studiesFor companion animals, production animals, production avian species, laboratory animals, zoo animals, wildlife, equine species and avian species Plasma; Serum Osmolarity Freezing point depression

in-house method BIO-LAB-008

Detection and quantitation of drugs for therapeutic monitoringFor companion animals, production animals, production avian species, laboratory animals, zoo animals, wildlife, aquatic animals, equine species and avian species Whole blood Digoxin; Phenobarbital Autoanalyser (AA)

in-house methods BIO-CTN-034 (Digoxin - Centaur) and VET-IML-006 (Phenobarbital - Immulite)


Determination of hormones and hormone binding proteinsFor companion animals, production animals, production avian species, laboratory animals, zoo animals, wildlife, aquatic animals, equine species and avian species Plasma; Serum Cortisol; Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH); Thyroxine (T4) - Total Autoanalyser (AA)

in-house methods VET-IML-005; VET-BML-004, VET-IML-004

Insulin; Progesterone; Testosterone; Troponin I Autoanalyser (AA)

in-house methods BIO-CTN-018; BIO-CTN-036; BIO-CTN-020; BIO-CTN-024, BIO-CTN-030

Diagnosis of pregnancyFor companion animals, production animals and equine species Whole blood Progesterone Immunoassay

in-house method BIO-CTN-020

Quantitation of vitaminsFor companion animals, production animals, production avian species, laboratory animals, zoo animals, wildlife, equine species and avian species Plasma; Serum Folate; Retinol (vitamin A); Tocopherol (vitamin E) HPLC - Electrochemical detector

in-house method TOX-HPL-004

Haematology

ISO/IEC 17025 (2017)

Animal Health

Service Product Determinant Technique Procedure
Bone marrow examinationFor companion animals and equine species Bone marrow; Smears Examination of aspirated material Microscopic examination

in-house method VET-HAE-031

Detection and identification of parasites and arthropodsFor companion animals and zoo animals Whole blood Heartworm Knott’s method

in-house method VET-HAE-012

Determination of compatibility of blood donor unitsFor companion animals (canine) Whole blood Group checks of patient and donor Agglutination; Cross matching

in-house method VET-HAE-027

Haematology - Full blood examinationFor companion animals, production animals, laboratory animals, zoo animals, wildlife, equine species and avian species Whole blood Haematocrit (packed cell volume, PCV) Centrifugation; Manual

in-house method VET-HAE-017

Haematology - Full blood examinationFor companion animals, production animals, production avian species, laboratory animals, zoo animals, wildlife, aquatic animals, equine species and avian species Whole blood Differential cell count; Erythrocyte count (red blood cell count, RBCC); Haematocrit (packed cell volume, PCV); Haemoglobin (Hb); Leucocyte count (white blood cell count, WBCC); Mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH); Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC); Mean corpuscular volume (MCV); Platelet count Haematology analyser

in-house methods VET-HAE-001 FBE analysis

Blood film; Buffy coat film; Heinz bodies; Parasite identification; Reticulocyte count Microscopic examination

in-house methods - VET-HAE-007; VET-HAE-010; VET-HAE-016; VET-HAE-032

Haemostasis/coagulation related testing Whole blood Fibrinogen Automated coagulation factor; Heat precipitation

in-house methods VET-HSC-009 (STA Compact) and VET-HAE-009 (manual method)

Haemostasis/coagulation related testingFor companion animals, production animals, production avian species, laboratory animals, zoo animals, wildlife, aquatic animals, equine species and avian species Plasma Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT); Prothrombin time (PT) Automated coagulation factor; Manual

in-house methods VET-HAE-014 and VET-HAE-015 (STA compact and manual method)

Haemostasis/coagulation related testingFor companion animals, production animals, production avian species, laboratory animals, zoo animals, wildlife, equine species and avian species Plasma Plasma protein Refractometry

in-house method VET-HAE-008

Investigation of haemolysis/immunologyFor companion animals and equine species Whole blood Canine immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA); Equine immune-mediated hemolytic anaemia (IMHA); Feline immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) Direct antiglobulin Coomb's

in-house method VET-HAE-013 (manual)

Microbiology

ISO/IEC 17025 (2017)

Animal Health

Service Product Determinant Technique Procedure
Analysis of excreta Faeces Occult blood Microscopic examination

in-house method

Urine Casts; Crystals; Epithelial cells; Erythrocytes (red blood cells, RBC); Leucocytes (white blood cells, WBC); Sediment examination; Yeasts Microscopic examination

in-house method VET-MIC-013

Bilirubin; Blood; Glucose; Ketones; Leucocytes (white blood cells, WBC); Protein; Urinalysis; pH Dipstick

in-house method VET-MIC-013 (urinalysis) (Siemens multistix)

Analysis of excreta Urine Specific gravity Refractometry

in-house method VET-MIC-013

Analysis of non-clinical samples for microorganisms Grass Fungal spore count Microscopic examination

in-house method VET-MIC-048

Antibiotic sensitivity (susceptibility) testing Bacterial isolates Zone of growth inhibition Disc diffusion

in-house method VET-AST-004; Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) method

Detection and identification of bacteria Bacterial isolates Identification of unknown bacteria MALDI-TOF in-house method VET-MIC-055 (Library version:01 May 2018)
Detection and identification of bacteriaFor bees/apiculture Honey Paenibacillus larvae; Coliforms Cultural; Microscopic examination

in-house method VET-MIC-025, Australian and New Zealand Standard Diagnostic Procedure (July 2010) Honey Bee Diseases 

Honey; Larval smear Melissococcus plutonius; Paenibacillus larvae; American foulbrood (AFB); European foulbrood (EFB) Cultural; Microscopic examination

in-house methods VET-MIC-025 and VET-MIC-026 

Detection and identification of bacteriaFor companion animals (canine) Reproductive tract specimens; Swabs Brucella canis; Escherichia coli​​​​; Proteus spp.; Pseudomonas spp.; Staphylococcus spp.; Streptococcus group B; Streptococcus group C; Streptococcus group G Biochemical; Commercial identification kit; Cultural; Microscopic examination; Staining

in-house method VET-MIC-020 (canine pre mating)

Detection and identification of bacteriaFor companion animals, production animals, production avian species, laboratory animals, zoo animals, wildlife, aquatic animals, equine species, avian species Skin; Wounds Actinobacillus ligneresi; Actinomyces bovis; Actinomyces viscosus; Bacteroides spp.; Clostridium perfringens; Clostridium septicum; Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis; Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae; Fusobacterium spp.; Nocardia asteroides; Pasteurella dagmatis; Prototheca spp.; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus hyicus; Staphylococcus spp.; Streptococcus spp.; Streptococcus - Beta-haemolytic; Trueperella pyogenes; Acid-fast Bacilli; Identification of unknown bacteria Biochemical; Commercial identification kit; Cultural; Microscopic examination; Staining in-house method VET-MIC-053
Detection and identification of bacteriaFor companion animals, production animals, production avian species, laboratory animals, zoo animals, wildlife, aquatic animals, equine species, avian species and bees/apiculture Faeces Campylobacter jejuni; Salmonella spp.; Shigella spp.; Vibrio spp.; Yersinia spp.; Identification of unknown bacteria Biochemical; Commercial identification kit; Cultural; Microscopic examination; Staining

in-house methods VET-MIC-018 and VET-FEC-018

Escherichia coli​​​​ Immunochromatography

in-house method VET-FEC-015 (BioX Diagnostics test kit)

Fluids Actinobacillus equuli; Actinobacillus spp.; Actinomyces bovis; Arcanobacteria; Brucella abortus; Brucella canis; Brucella suis; Erysipelothrix spp.; Escherichia coli​​​​; Fusobacterium necrophorum; Histophilus somni (Histophilus ovis); Klebsiella spp.; Mannheimia haemolytica; Mycobacterium spp.; Nocardia spp.; Rhodococcus equi; Salmonella spp.; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus spp.; Streptococcus spp.; Streptococcus suis; Trueperella pyogenes; Identification of unknown bacteria Biochemical; Commercial identification kit; Cultural; Microscopic examination; Staining

in-house method VET-MIC-009

Milk Actinomyces pyogenes; Enterobacter aerogenes; Escherichia coli​​​​; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus agalactiae (Streptococcus group B); Streptococcus dysgalactiae ss. equisimilis; Streptococcus uberis; Identification of bacteria causing mastitis Biochemical; Commercial identification kit; Cultural; Microscopic examination; Staining

in-house method VET-MIC-023

Swabs Actinobacillus equuli; Actinobacillus spp.; Actinomyces bovis; Arcanobacteria; Brucella abortus; Brucella canis; Brucella suis; Erysipelothrix spp.; Escherichia coli​​​​; Fusobacterium necrophorum; Histophilus somni (Histophilus ovis); Klebsiella spp.; Mannheimia haemolytica; Mycobacterium spp.; Nocardia spp.; Rhodococcus equi; Salmonella spp.; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus spp.; Streptococcus spp.; Streptococcus suis; Trueperella pyogenes; Identification of unknown bacteria Biochemical; Commercial identification kit; Cultural; Microscopic examination; Staining

in-house method VET-MIC-009

Tissues Actinobacillus equuli; Actinomyces bovis; Bacteroides melaninogenicus; Borrelia-like organisms; Brucella abortus; Brucella canis; Burkholderia pseudomallei; Clostridium botulinum; Clostridium chauvoei; Clostridium novyi; Clostridium septicum; Clostridium sordellii; Clostridium spp.​​​​; Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis; Erysipelothrix spp.; Escherichia coli​​​​; Fusobacterium necrophorum; Histophilus somni (Histophilus ovis); Klebsiella spp.; Listeria monocytogenes; Nocardia spp.; Pasteurella spp.; Salmonella spp.; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus spp.; Streptobacillus moniliformis; Streptococcus spp.; Streptococcus - Faecal; Streptococcus group C; Trueperella pyogenes; Identification of unknown bacteria Biochemical; Commercial identification kit; Cultural; Microscopic examination; Staining

in-house method VET-MIC-008

Detection and identification of bacteriaFor companion animals, production animals, production avian species, laboratory animals, zoo animals, wildlife, aquatic animals, equine species, avian species Ear swabs Haemophilus parasuis; Proteus spp.; Pseudomonas spp.; Staphylococcus intermedius; Streptococcus group C Biochemical; Commercial identification kit; Cultural; Microscopic examination; Staining

in-house method VET-MIC-024

Fluids; Respiratory specimens Actinobacillus equuli; Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae; Actinomyces spp.; Avibacterium paragallinarum; Bordetella bronchiseptica; Bordetella spp.; Candida albicans; Chlamydia spp.; Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis; Fusobacterium necrophorum; Haemophilus parasuis; Histophilus somni (Histophilus ovis); Klebsiella pneumoniae; Mannheimia haemolytica; Mortierella wolfii; Mycobacterium spp.; Nocardia asteroides; Nocardia spp.; Pasteurella multocida; Pasteurella spp.; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas spp.; Rhodococcus equi; Streptococcus equi ss. equi; Streptococcus group C; Trueperella pyogenes; Identification of unknown bacteria Biochemical; Commercial identification kit; Cultural; Microscopic examination; Staining

in-house method VET-MIC-011

Detection and identification of bacteriaFor equine species Clitoral samples; Reproductive tract specimens; Swabs; Uterine samples Bacteroides fragilis; Contagious equine metritis (Taylorella equigenitalis); Escherichia coli​​​​; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus group D; Identification of unknown bacteria Biochemical; Commercial identification kit; Cultural; Microscopic examination; Staining

in-house method VET-MIC-021

Detection and identification of bacteriaFor production animals (bovine, ovine, porcine and caprine) Abortion material; Foetal specimens; Reproductive tract specimens Actinobacillus seminis; Actinomyces pyogenes; Actinomyces spp.; Brucella abortus; Brucella ovis; Brucella spp.; Brucella suis; Campylobacter fetus ss. fetus; Campylobacter fetus; Campylobacter jejuni; Campylobacter spp.; Corynebacterium ovis; Histophilus somni (Histophilus ovis); Leptospira interrogans; Listeria monocytogenes; Pseudomonas mallei; Salmonella spp.; Yersinia pseudotuberculosis; Yersinia spp.; Identification of unknown bacteria Biochemical; Commercial identification kit; Cultural; Microscopic examination; Staining

in-house method VET-MIC-019

Detection and identification of bacteriaFor production animals Faeces; Tissues Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) Cultural; Microscopic examination

in-house method manuals VET-JDC

Detection and identification of fungi and mouldsFor companion animals, production animals, production avian species, laboratory animals, zoo animals, wildlife, aquatic animals, equine species, avian species Fungal isolates; Hair; Nails; Scabs; Skin; Swabs; Tissues Aspergillus spp.; Yeasts Cultural; Microscopic examination; Staining

in-house method VET-MIC-056

Detection and identification of parasites and arthropodsFor companion animals (canine and feline) Faeces Giardia spp. Immunochromatography; Microscopic examination in-house method VET-FEC-030 (RIDA Quick Combi Kit)
Detection and identification of parasites and arthropodsFor companion animals, laboratory animals, zoo animals, wildlife, equine species and avian species Faeces Cryptosporidium spp. Microscopic examination; Staining

in-house method VET-FEC-009

Anoplochela spp.; Aonchotheca putori; Ascaris spp. (roundworm); Capillaria aerophilia; Coccidia; Haemonchus contortus; Isospora spp.; Oxyuris equi; Pearsonema feliscati; Strongyles; Toxocara spp.; Trichirus (whipworm); Identification of unknown parasites; Nematodes; Tapeworm Microscopic examination

in-house methods VET-FEC-008

Identification of unknown parasites; Trichostrongylid eggs Concentration; Faecal floatation

in-house method VET-FEC-010

Detection and identification of virusesFor companion animals, production animals, equine species Faeces Coronavirus; Parvovirus; Rotavirus Immunochromatography

in-house method VET-FEC-015 (Anigen for Parvovirus, BioX Diagnostics for Coronavirus )

Microbiology - Serology of infection - Microbial antibody and/or antigen detection and/or quantitationFor companion animals, production animals, production avian species, laboratory animals, zoo animals, wildlife, aquatic animals, equine species, avian species and bees/apiculture Serum Escherichia coli K99; Salmonella spp. Serum agglutination

in house method VET-FEC-019 (BioX Diagnostics and Wellconnects test kit) and VET-FEC-016 (for Escherichia coli K99)

Molecular Diagnostics

ISO/IEC 17025 (2017)

Animal Health

Service Product Determinant Technique Procedure
Detection and identification of bacteriaFor companion animals, production animals, production avian species, laboratory animals, zoo animals, wildlife, aquatic animals, equine species and avian species Tissues; Urine Leptospira spp. PCR - Quantitative (qPCR)

in-house method VET-MOL-022

Detection and identification of bacteriaFor production animals Faeces; Tissues Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) PCR - Quantitative (qPCR); Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

in-house methods VET-MOL-022 and VET-MOL-034

Detection and identification of other microorganismsFor companion animals Whole blood Mycoplasma haemofelis PCR - Quantitative (qPCR)

in-house method VET-MOL-007

Detection and identification of parasites and arthropodsFor companion animals, production animals, production avian species, laboratory animals, zoo animals, wildlife, equine species and avian species Faeces Tritrichomonas foetus PCR - Quantitative (qPCR)

in-house method VET-MOL-008

Detection and identification of viruses Whole blood Feline immunodeficiency virus PCR - Quantitative (qPCR)

in-house method VET-MOL-006

Detection and identification of virusesFor aquatic animals (prawns) Faeces White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) MALDI-TOF; PCR - Quantitative (qPCR) - Multiplex Reverse transcription In-house method VET-MOL-037
Tissues White spot syndrome virus (WSSV); Yellow head virus; Yellow head virus type 1; Yellow head virus type 2 (gill-associated virus); Yellow head virus type 3; Yellow head virus type 4; Yellow head virus type 5; Yellow head virus type 6; Yellow head virus type 7 MALDI-TOF; PCR - Quantitative (qPCR) - Multiplex Reverse transcription In-house method VET-MOL-037
Detection and identification of virusesFor production animals Ear notch; Serum Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) PCR - Quantitative (qPCR)

in-house method VET-MOL-020

Inherited traitsFor companion animals Buccal swabs; Whole blood Canine multi-drug resistance gene (MDR-1) PCR - Amplified fragment length polymorphism

in-house method VET-MOL-009

Serology

ISO/IEC 17025 (2017)

Animal Health

Service Product Determinant Technique Procedure
Analysis for drugs and chemicals for toxicological (non-legal) purposes Serum; Swabs; Urine; Whole blood Snake venom detection Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

in-house method VET-SER-032;

manufacturers instructions (Seqirus test kit)

Chemical pathology - Investigation and determination of hepatic, cardiac, bone, skeletal muscle and other profiles and metabolic studies Serum Canine pancreatic lipase; Feline pancreatic lipase Fluorescent immunoassay

in-house method VET-SER-054 and VET-SER-055 (Vcheck test kit)

Detection and identification of parasites and arthropodsFor companion animals, production animals, zoo animals, wildlife, equine species Serum Heartworm Immunochromatography

in-house method VET-SER-050 (Bionote Anigen test kit)

Diagnosis of pregnancy Serum Pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in-house method, manufacturers instructions - IDEXX test kit
Diagnosis of pregnancyFor companion animals (canine) and equine species Whole blood Pregnancy relaxin Rapid immunomigration (RIM)

in-house method VET-SER-044, manufacturers instructions (Witness test kit)

Immunoglobulin investigationsFor companion animals and equine species Serum Allergen specific IgE Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

in house method VET-SER-007 (Heska test kit)

Microbiology - Serology of infection - Microbial antibody and/or antigen detection and/or quantitation Serum Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

in house method VET-SER-021 (VMRD test kit)

Microbiology - Serology of infection - Microbial antibody and/or antigen detection and/or quantitationFor companion animals, production animals, zoo animals, wildlife, equine species Serum Bluetongue virus (BTV); Equine infectious anaemia virus; Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (Johne’s disease) - Caprine; Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (Johne’s disease) - Ovine Agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID)

in-house methods VET-SER-023 (EIA); VET-SER-028 and VET-SER-008

Brucella abortus; Brucella ovis Complement fixation test (CFT)

in-house method VET-SER-015

Chlamydia spp. Rapid immunomigration (RIM)

in-house method VET-SER-036 

Microbiology - Serology of infection - Microbial antibody and/or antigen detection and/or quantitationFor companion animals Plasma; Serum Feline immunodeficiency virus; Feline leukaemia virus Rapid immunomigration (RIM)

in-house methods VET-SER-024 and VET-SER-025 (Bionote Anigen test kit)

Microbiology - Serology of infection - Microbial antibody and/or antigen detection and/or quantitationFor production animals (bovine) Serum Adenovirus; Bovine herpes virus A; Bovine respiratory syncytial virus; Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV); Parainfluenza virus type 3 antibody Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

in house method VET-SER-0103 (BioX Diagnostics bovine respiratory screen ELISA)

Microbiology - Serology of infection - Microbial antibody and/or antigen detection and/or quantitationFor production animals Milk Enzootic bovine leukosis virus Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

in house method VET-SER-009 (IDEXX test kit and Synbiotics Lactelisa BLV Ab Bi Indirect Tank 150 kit) 

Serum Bluetongue virus (BTV); Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV); Brucella ovis; Brucella spp.; Enzootic bovine leukosis virus; Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (Johne’s disease) - Bovine; Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

in-house methods - VET-SER-023 (EIA), (IDEXX Test Kits)


Akabane virus Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

in house method VET-SER-041 (IDVet test kit)

Epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

in house method VET-SER-045 (Life Diagnostics test kit)

Brucella abortus; Brucella canis; Brucella melitensis Rose Bengal plate; Serum agglutination in house method VET-SER-048

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